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Study of Risk Factors for Major Non-communicable Diseases in Two Hospitals in Dakar (Senegal) in 2018
Oumar Bassoum,
Pengd-Wende Habib Bousse Traore,
Jean Augustin Diegane Tine,
Cheikh Tidiane Mbow,
Ndeye Mareme Sougou,
Amadou Ibra Diallo,
Fatoumata Bintou Diongue,
Ababacar Diop,
Khadim Niang,
Mamadou Moustapha Mbacke Leye,
Adama Faye,
Ibrahima Seck
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
149-158
Received:
13 May 2021
Accepted:
31 May 2021
Published:
21 June 2021
Abstract: Introduction: The development of non-communicable diseases is supported by modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. In both primary prevention and secondary prevention, the possibility of action remains possible for individual modifiable risk factors. This study on the frequencies of individual and modifiable risk factors of a behavioral and metabolic nature within the population of patients accommodated in the services of the population is in order to carry out preventive actions on the major non-communicable diseases of vulnerable populations. hospitality and emergency services were carried out in Senegal. Methods: The framework of the study was the reception and emergency services of the hospital of Pikine and the hospital of Dakar. It was an observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study. The study period was from January 25 to March 5, 2018. The source population consisted of patients over 18 years of age and not pregnant, who were seen in consultation in both services and who gave their free and informed consent for participate in the survey. The data collection tool was based on the WHO STEPwise survey questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered during a face-to-face interview with each patient. The data was collected confidentially with strict respect for the privacy of the participant. Results: The study involved 615 patients 53.7% at the main hospital in Dakar and 46.3% at the Pikine hospital. The proportion of active smoking was 12%. The share of current alcohol consumption is 7.8% and daily consumption concerns 8.3% of these current drinkers. Regarding abdominal obesity, 55.5% of women had a waist size corresponding to a high risk against 10.2% of men. Insufficient physical activity and insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables were the most common comorbidities. For blood pressure values, 38.9% of patients had blood pressure values above 140 mmhg / 90 mmhg and for random blood sugar values, 10.5% of patients had random blood sugar values above 2 g / l with signs of hyperglycemia. Finally, 40.4% of our patients declared that they had never controlled their blood sugar in their life and 32.2% declared that they had never had their blood pressure controlled in their life. Conclusion: The measurement of glycemia, blood pressure and BMI must be systematic for all patients seen in the emergency departments, whatever the reason for their visit. They should also continue their efforts to develop public spaces for sport and to make fruit and vegetables more accessible to the community.
Abstract: Introduction: The development of non-communicable diseases is supported by modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. In both primary prevention and secondary prevention, the possibility of action remains possible for individual modifiable risk factors. This study on the frequencies of individual and modifiable risk factors of a behavioral and met...
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Performance of Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test in Asymptomatic Malaria Cases in Stable Transmission Area in Kisantu, Democratic Republic of Congo
Gillon Ilombe,
Sylvie Linsuke,
Aimé Lulebo,
Joris Likwela,
Paulin Mutombo,
Pascal Lutumba,
Jean-Pierre Van Geertruyden Rika Matangila,
Junior Rika Matangila
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
159-163
Received:
26 May 2021
Accepted:
11 June 2021
Published:
21 June 2021
Abstract: Background: Democratic Republic of Congo has shifted from pan test to mono-specific malaria RDT tests. A new Histidine rich protein 2 (HRP2)-based Rapid Diagnostic Tests for malaria diagnosis was then implemented. Objective: This study evaluated the performances of this new diagnostic tool compared to the thick smear as the gold standard. Method: The study was conducted in Kisantu Health zone in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) where malaria is known as endemic disease. Asymptomatic children aged between 0 and 10 years were included in the study. Malaria tests such as Rapid Diagnostic test (RDT) and blood smear were perform in all enrolled children. Blood smear was considered as a reference test. In the performance analysis, only thick positive smears confirmed as Pf by thin smear were considered positive in calculation. The sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values of CareStart Malaria Pf (HRP-2) RTD Ag compared to the thick smear. Result: The prevalence of malaria infection was 78.3% and 14.7% using rapid diagnostic test and thick blood smear, respectively. Considering the gold standard, proportion of false positives was 77.5%. The Sensitivity was 83.1% (CI95%: 72.4-94.9) and specificity was 22.5% (CI95%: 20.2-25.0). The Positive Predictive Value (PPV) was 15.2% and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) was 88.9%. It appears that the HRP2-based test presently used in the Democratic Republic of Congo over estimates malaria infections. Conclusion: CareStart Malaria Pf (HRP-2) RTD Ag, currently in use in the DRC detects a very high proportion of false positives. Those children falsely positive were subject to be treated unnecessarily. Therefore, there is need of adapting the choice of RDT for malaria policy accordingly.
Abstract: Background: Democratic Republic of Congo has shifted from pan test to mono-specific malaria RDT tests. A new Histidine rich protein 2 (HRP2)-based Rapid Diagnostic Tests for malaria diagnosis was then implemented. Objective: This study evaluated the performances of this new diagnostic tool compared to the thick smear as the gold standard. Method: T...
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Radiological Profile of Patients with COVID-19 at the LOMO Medical Center
Benjamin Longo Mbenza,
Aliocha Natuhoyila Nkodila,
Evelyne Lukoki Luila,
Christophe Mambueni Thamba,
Gedeon Longo Longo,
Herve-Alex Tukadila Kabangi,
Serge Malenga,
Ingrid Cecile Djuikoue,
Etienne Mokondjimabe
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
164-169
Received:
31 May 2021
Accepted:
15 June 2021
Published:
22 June 2021
Abstract: Background and aim: COVID-19 is a public health problem but radiological data are still absent in developing countries. The aim of the study was to determine preliminary data from patients hospitalized for COVID-19 at the LOMO Medical Center during the first and second waves. Methods: Cross-sectional and descriptive study carried out in 83 patients with COVID-19 at the Lomo Medical Center in Limete during the period from March 19, 2020 to January 24, 2021. The clinical and radiological characteristics were studied. Results: The sample of our study is predominantly male (55%) over women (45%), resulting in a sex ratio of 1.2 (M/F). The results obtained from VS and D-dimer show high mean values in patients whose COVID-19 is confirmed positive but low in those from whom it is suspected/absent. The difference in means is statistically significant (p<0.05), the COVID-19 status was confirmed in 21.5% of cases in men against 17.1% of cases in women; the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.159). He noted that interstitial lung disease and cardiomegaly were correlated with COVID 19 status (p<0.05). Conclusion: The main target of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is the lung, but multisystem involvement is possible.
Abstract: Background and aim: COVID-19 is a public health problem but radiological data are still absent in developing countries. The aim of the study was to determine preliminary data from patients hospitalized for COVID-19 at the LOMO Medical Center during the first and second waves. Methods: Cross-sectional and descriptive study carried out in 83 patients...
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Prevalence and Risk Factors for Development of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria Among HIV Positive Pregnant Women in Jos, Nigeria
Tinuade Abimbola Oyebode,
Godwin Imade,
Isichei Christian,
Tolulope Afolaranmi,
Halima Sule,
Jonah Musa,
Solomon Sagay,
Prosper Okonkwo,
Demetrios Kyriacou,
Chad Achenbach,
Phyllis Kanki
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
170-181
Received:
7 June 2021
Accepted:
19 June 2021
Published:
25 June 2021
Abstract: The Human Immunodeficiency Virus pandemic is negatively affecting the reproductive health of women in Nigeria. It is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, especially where secondary infections exist. Studies document that HIV positive women are prone to reproductive and urinary tract infections, and due to physiologic changes in pregnancy, there is higher incidence of urinary infections among pregnant women, with or without symptoms. This prospective cohort study investigates for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy among HIV seropositive women, to identify if HIV positivity confers additional risks for occurrence. We recruited 119 pregnant HIV positive women and 152 HIV negative controls from Jos University teaching hospital and Faith Alive hospital in Jos, Nigeria and screened for asymptomatic bacteriuria. Bacteriuria was confirmed when two separate urine samples, in the same woman, showed presence of 105 CFU/ml (100,000 organisms) of same species. Laboratory personnel performing tests were unaware of participants HIV status. Antibiotic sensitivity were determined and participants were followed-up/evaluated for features of pyelonephritis throughout antenatal care. Prevalence was determined and analysis to determine if HIV positivity conferred risks. There were 22 women with confirmed bacteriuria, with prevalence of 8.1% among all participants, with 9.4% (14) among HIV Negative cohort and 6.8% (8) of HIV positive women. HIV status, demography and previous pyelonephritis/UTI were not statistically associated with development of asymptomatic bacteriuria. Two women with medical conditions (Diabetes and Sickle cell disease) had confirmed bacteriuria, but numbers were insufficient to deduce an association. Staphylococcus aureus predominated (78.6%) among HIV negative, while for HIV positive women, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus each affected 44.4%. Antibiotic sensitivity favoured Cefuroxime in both HIV positive and negative women, but organisms were resistant to penicillins and Nitrofurantoin. Treatment was not possible because of antibiotics cost and/or unwillingness of participants to receive treatment for an asymptomatic condition. Analysis of the HIV positive cohort showed no further conferment of risk by CD4 counts, viral load, duration of HIV positivity, the anti-retroviral drug type/class or duration/adherence to ARVs. No woman with CD4 count >500 cells/mm3 developed asymptomatic bacteriuria but there was no statistical association. Similarly, women who had undetectable viral load had lower bacteriuria rates, while women with high viral load had higher rates of asymptomatic bacteriuria, but this was only significant when analysis was performed using the logarithm of viral load.
Abstract: The Human Immunodeficiency Virus pandemic is negatively affecting the reproductive health of women in Nigeria. It is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, especially where secondary infections exist. Studies document that HIV positive women are prone to reproductive and urinary tract infections, and due to physiologic changes in pregna...
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The Impact of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) on Patients Visiting Outpatient Urology Clinic in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital: A Cross Sectional Study
Ehiremhen Ozah,
Eshiobo Irekpita
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
182-188
Received:
16 June 2021
Accepted:
28 June 2021
Published:
2 July 2021
Abstract: Background: The coronavirus pandemic had a major impact on health care service delivery globally. Work force in the health care sector and resources were focused on the critically ill from Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) following the huge number of patients contracting this rapidly spreading virus. All medical specialties not directly involved in treatment of COVID-19 witnessed interruption in services, urologic care was not spared. Objective: This study aims to assess the impact of coronavirus Disease -19 (COVID-19) on patients visiting urology outpatient clinic at Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital. Methods: It was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted to assess impact of COVID-19 on patients visiting outpatient urology clinic. All consecutive patients aged 18 years and above who consented were recruited. Continuous data like age were presented in mean and standard deviation, while categorical data were presented in percentages. Association between dependent and independent variables were determined using Pearson chi square or fisher’s exact where appropriate while predictors of impact were assessed using multivariate logistic regression. P-value set as ˂0.05. Results: A total of 154 respondents participated. Mean age was 61.9 years. Males constitute 90.3% of respondent. Only 6% of participants felt negative impact of COVID-19 on urology care. Age of respondent was the only determinant of impact of COVID-19 (p-value=0.014). There were no predictors of impact amongst socio demographic characteristics in a multivariate logistic regression. In the study 48.1%, 16.2% and 12.3% of participants suggested the use of phone calls, home visits and telemedicine as means of consultation to improve outpatient urology care and reduce the spread of COVID-19. Conclusions: The impact of COVID-19 on outpatients urology care was minimal at Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital. Age was a determinant of impact. Improvement in access to telemedicine and phone calls were suggested as measures to further improve urology care while efforts are put in place to prevent spread of disease and achieve cure during the pandemic.
Abstract: Background: The coronavirus pandemic had a major impact on health care service delivery globally. Work force in the health care sector and resources were focused on the critically ill from Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) following the huge number of patients contracting this rapidly spreading virus. All medical specialties not directly involved in t...
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Professionalisation of Program Evaluation in Africa: An Imperative for Effectiveness and Accountability for Public Policy
Togbedji Maurice Agonnoude,
Sègbegnon David Houeto,
Gbenoukpo Sebastien Zannou,
Maxime Agbo,
Luc Behanzin,
Corine Yessito Houehanou
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
189-192
Received:
30 March 2021
Accepted:
26 April 2021
Published:
8 July 2021
Abstract: Program evaluation is an applied science which importance for accountability, efficacy and effectiveness of public policies makes consensus among scientific researchers. So, in developed countries, especially North America’ ones, it is a professional domain with professional associations, standards of practices and development of tools nurturing and improving continuously practices. The goal of this paper is to show that in French speaking African countries, inexistence or bad functioning of a formal frame of exercise and development of the practice impede the evaluation findings to achieve maximum credibility and acceptance. In fact, in most African French-speaking countries like Benin, amateurism is standard gold. Program evaluation in this context is practiced by managers and technocratic civil servants for all sectors who, with their specific experience in their domain, think they were able to judge program in implementation. So, in these conditions of inexistence of formal training in evaluation and standards of practices, the evaluation practice is marked by defects like unrespect of evaluators ‘independence, the glaring conflict of interest, the low rate of evaluation findings utilization, and so one. This result is so evident in Benin because, we know the non-professionalization of a sensitive domain, like education in program evaluation, can lead to disastrous consequences. So, it is urgent that improving evaluation quality and credibility needs a setup of formal framework of practice with qualified trainings, continuous trainings and experiences sharing and to setup standards of practices. The contribution of the most developed program evaluation communities of North America especially those of Canada would bewelcome.
Abstract: Program evaluation is an applied science which importance for accountability, efficacy and effectiveness of public policies makes consensus among scientific researchers. So, in developed countries, especially North America’ ones, it is a professional domain with professional associations, standards of practices and development of tools nurturing an...
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Opportunistic Intestinal Protozoan Infection Among HIV/AIDS Patients and the Associated Risk Factors in Jalingo Local Government, Taraba State
Onyeuku Okechukwu Chinwe,
Agbo Oche Joseph,
Obiorah Sylvester Chibuzor,
Elkanah Obadiah Sambo,
Elkanah Deborah Sambo,
Ayibatonye Lemmy Orutugu
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
193-197
Received:
30 July 2020
Accepted:
25 August 2020
Published:
23 July 2021
Abstract: Opportunistic intestinal protozoan parasites are the major contributors affecting HIV/AIDS patients. This study determined the association between intestinal protozoan infection and some predisposing factors among HIV/AIDS patients. Samples were collected from both male and female HIV/AIDS patients and stool samples were also collected from non-HIV/AIDS patients to serve as control. The procedure of wet mount technique and faecal concentration methods processed the faecal materials collected. The CD4+ count of patients were determined using the Partee Cyflow Counter, which determines the percentage of CD4+ cells of individuals. A total of eight hundred and fifty (850) faecal samples were collected from sero-positive and sero-negative HIV/AIDS persons in Jalingo metropolis. Out of the 850 subjects, 650 (76.47%) were sero-positive while 200 (23.53%) were sero-negative (Control). The sero-positive subjects showed higher prevalence of 118 (18.15%) of opportunistic parasitic infection according to the follow-up of hospital locations: Government House, 12 (25.71%); Ummah Clinic, 8 (21.82%); Taraba State Specialist Hospital, 50 (18.18%) and Federal Medical Centre, 38 (15.20%). The prevalence was higher among female positives, 68 (l9.60%) than the male, 50 (16.50%) with no significant difference (p>0.05). The infection based on age groups revealed that the age group 10-15 years had the highest prevalence of 27 (48.21%) while the age group 41-45 years had the least prevalence of 2 (2.63%). There was no significant relationship between age, gender and occurrence of opportunistic intestinal protozoan infection among HIV sero-positive and HIV sero-negative subjects (p>0.05). Analysis on risk factors associated with intestinal protozoan infection revealed that patients whose source of water was from stream are likely to get infected with intestinal protozoans (OR=2.95) than those who used tap water (OR=0.78). Based on method of waste disposal, those who practiced open defaecation are at higher risk of infection with intestinal protozoa (OR=1.02) than those who used water closet system (OR=0.30). Similarly, those who did not wash hands after toilets are prone to infection (OR=2.46) than those who frequently was their hands after toilets (OR=0.14). The public health division in Jalingo metropolis should continue to emphasize the importance of environmental and personal hygiene and collaborate with other Government agencies to provide quality drinking water, good waste management systems, good/faecal disposal systems amongst others to help alleviate the burden of intestinal parasite infections.
Abstract: Opportunistic intestinal protozoan parasites are the major contributors affecting HIV/AIDS patients. This study determined the association between intestinal protozoan infection and some predisposing factors among HIV/AIDS patients. Samples were collected from both male and female HIV/AIDS patients and stool samples were also collected from non-HIV...
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Prevalence of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Dermatophytes Co-Infection in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Patients
Abba Moses Audu,
Oche Joseph Otorkpa,
Odama Lillian Eniola
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
198-203
Received:
5 June 2021
Accepted:
12 July 2021
Published:
2 August 2021
Abstract: The syndemic interaction between the Human Immuno Deficiency Virus (HIV) and opportunistic infections can have far reaching consequences on a person’s health. HIV associated dermatophytic infections result in extensive skin lesions which can be difficult to treatdue to poor response to conventional antifungal therapy. HIV- associated tuberculosis especially also contributed substantially to the burden of tuberculosis-associated morbidity and mortality. The Aim of this research was to study the co-infection of mycobacterium tuberculosis and dermatophytosis in a HIV positive population visiting the HIV clinics in some hospitals around Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria. Skin scrap samples were collected from nine hundred and seventy six (976) HIV positive persons within six (6) months for analysis. Out of these, 56 patients had dermatophytes infection, the skin leisons and skin scrap samples were further analyzed to identify the dermatophytes. Descriptive analysis, Student T tests and one way ANOVA were carried out to understand the various relationships. Most patient presented to the clinic with cough, fever, weight loss and multiple symptoms, and with CD4 values less than 200cells /ul and substantially between 200-349 cells/µl and 350-499cells/µl. The Predominant age of patients with HIV co-infected with tuberculosis and dermatophytosis was between 25-34 years and 35-44 years respectively. Dermatophytes were mostly found in patients with CD4 values which were equal or lower than 200 cells/µl irrespective of their age group. The predominant dermatophyte was Trichophyton species with Trichophyton tonsurans being the commonest species isolated followed by Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton gallinae. The finding of this study revealed that the prevalence of HIV infection led to higher progression rate of 10% active tuberculosis. It also revealed that Trichophyton species were the predominant dermatophytes in the environment with Trichophyton tonsurans being the most common isolate. Most patients visiting the hospital were already in the stage II and III of HIV infection in this area and the most common opportunistic infection is Tuberculosis.
Abstract: The syndemic interaction between the Human Immuno Deficiency Virus (HIV) and opportunistic infections can have far reaching consequences on a person’s health. HIV associated dermatophytic infections result in extensive skin lesions which can be difficult to treatdue to poor response to conventional antifungal therapy. HIV- associated tuberculosis e...
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Sexual Behaviour and Determinants of Reproductive Health Services Utilization Among Young People in a Rural Nigerian Community
Ajibola Idowu,
Oluseyi Kikelomo Israel,
Roseline Oluyemisi Akande,
Olatayo Ayodele Aremu,
Yetunde Toyin Olasinde
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
204-214
Received:
15 July 2021
Accepted:
23 July 2021
Published:
9 August 2021
Abstract: Background: Adolescents in West Africa face humungous sexual and reproductive health (SRH) challenges unlike their counterparts in developed countries. It is thus, important to contextually understand some of the factors influencing uptake of SRH services among young people in a low resource setting. Objectives: This study assessed sexual behaviour and predictors of SRH-services access and utilization of youths in Ejigbo, Osun-State, Nigeria. Methods: Cross-sectional design was used and multi-stage sampling method deployed in recruiting 430 study participants. Data were collected using pretested, semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Summary statistics were done using proporption, mean and standard deviation. Inferential statistics were done using chi-squared test and binary logistic regression at p≤0.05. Results: Mean age (±SD) of the respondents was 19.07±2.78, 54.1% of them were males while 56.8% were schooling as at the time of the survey. More than a quarter (38.6%) of the respondents were sexually active prior to the survey and 14.6% of the recent sexual encounters were forced/coerced. While 25.2% had multiple sexual partners, only 43.0% used contraception (mainly condom) in their recent sexual experiences. The predictors of contraceptive (hence SRH-service) use were respondents’ schooling status (OR=5.45, 95%CI=1.26-4.388), living situation (OR=0.430, 95%CI=1.960-3.8111) and demand for SRH services in the last clinic visits (OR=2.976, 95%CI=1.960-7.848). Conclusion: There was high prevalence of risky sexual behaviour and low SRH service utilization in the study setting. Nigerian government and its development partners need to be more proactive at ensuring universal access and utilization of SRH-services particularly to young people in the rural areas.
Abstract: Background: Adolescents in West Africa face humungous sexual and reproductive health (SRH) challenges unlike their counterparts in developed countries. It is thus, important to contextually understand some of the factors influencing uptake of SRH services among young people in a low resource setting. Objectives: This study assessed sexual behaviour...
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Effect of Drugs and Combination of Diets with Exercise on Biochemical Parameters in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Barishal, Bangladesh: A Follow up Study
Md Hasib,
Md Nazmul Hassan,
Md Golam Rabbani Akanda,
Md Imran Hossain Shakil,
Md Oashkuruni Hridoy
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
215-221
Received:
29 July 2021
Accepted:
9 August 2021
Published:
12 August 2021
Abstract: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with an increased rate of glucose which can be reduced by diets, drugs, lifestyle changes and physical activity. The present study aimed to investigate the comparison of the effectiveness of drugs and combination of diets with exercise on biochemical parameters of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients. A follow up study of 150 diabetes patient’s biochemical test >30 years of age were conducted in two phages before and after three months from Diabetes Hospital, Barishal. The investigator categorized two groups of diabetes patients where intervention of diets with exercise was given to 75 respondents and on the other hand 75 respondents by drugs to find out which intervention was more effective. This study found the incidence of reduced blood glucose from 50% to 13.33% by diets with exercise and 50% to 10.67% by drugs during fasting after three months of intervention. After 2 hours eating, blood glucose reduced to 14% and 18% respectively. Analyst established diets with exercise and drugs both had a great effect on fasting glucose, after two hours glucose and serum creatinine which was statistically significant between two phages of same respondents (P<.05). Drugs over fasting glucose, after 2 hours glucose and serum creatinine were statistically significant. Diets with exercise over fasting glucose, after 2 hours glucose, LDL and serum creatinine were also highly significant. Combination of diets and physical activity targeting this factor has proven to be superior to conventional drug use for reducing blood glucose of diabetic patients.
Abstract: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with an increased rate of glucose which can be reduced by diets, drugs, lifestyle changes and physical activity. The present study aimed to investigate the comparison of the effectiveness of drugs and combination of diets with exercise on biochemical parameters of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus...
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Performance of Rapid Diagnosis Technique (RDT) in Screening Malaria Among Patients of Selected Health Facilities in Ardo-Kola Local Government Area, Taraba State
Obiorah Sylvester Chibuozor,
Elkanah Obadiah Sambo,
Onyeuku Okechukwu Chinwe,
Elkanah Deborah Sambo,
Agbo Oche Joseph,
Ayibatonye Lemmy Orutugu
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
222-226
Received:
30 July 2020
Accepted:
25 August 2020
Published:
23 August 2021
Abstract: Malaria infection is one of the most common disease of public health importance afflicting millions of people in sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria diagnosis and surveillance rely predominantly on rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). This study investigated the performance of Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) against microscopy of stained blood for Plasmodium falciparum of patients attending some Primary Health Centres in Ardo-Kola LGA, Taraba State. Five hundred and eighty five (585) blood samples were collected and examined for Plasmodium falciparum on the microscope. Rapid Diagnostic Tests were also used for examination. The overall result showed a prevalence of 446 (76.23%). The infection found female, 199 (82.23%) to be more exposed to malaria than male, 247 (72.01%) with no significant difference (χ2=4.381; P≥0.05). With regards to age, females aged ≥51 years were more infected than other age groups, while male aged 21-30 years were more infected with malaria than the other age groups. There was no significant difference with malaria infection between the age groups (χ2=2.207; P≥0.05). The performance of RDTs against microscopy showed that RDT used had a sensitivity of 66.91% and specificity of 58.52%. The positive predictive value of 33.45% and negative predictive value of 85.02% were found for the RDT used. The present study demonstrated that RDTs can act as diagnostic tool to manage malaria in resource poor settings with limited, access to expert microscopy as they are easy to use and perform better than microscopy. It is recommended that malaria Rapid Diagnosis Tests can be used in endemic areas in Nigeria.
Abstract: Malaria infection is one of the most common disease of public health importance afflicting millions of people in sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria diagnosis and surveillance rely predominantly on rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). This study investigated the performance of Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) against microscopy of stained blood for Plasmodium falcipa...
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Breast Self-examination Practice and Associated Factors Among Women of Reproductive Age in Adama Town, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
Lemlem Kebede,
Meyrema Abdo,
Abebe Megerso
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
227-235
Received:
23 July 2021
Accepted:
19 August 2021
Published:
31 August 2021
Abstract: Breast Self-Examination is the process where by a woman examines her own breasts by seeing and feeling with fingers to detect breast lump or swelling. More than 90% cases of breast cancer are detected by women themselves. Poor practice of breast self-examination is usually associated with patient delay. The five-year survival rate for a localized breast cancer is 84%. Community based breast self-examination practice is low in the country specifically in the present study area. Thus this study aimed to assess breast self-examination practice and associated factors among women of reproductive age in Adama Town, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia in 2017EC. This Community based- cross sectional quantitative study was conducted using a random sample and multistage sampling procedure by administering pretested structured questionnaire to the population of 765 reproductive age women. The collected data were cleaned, coded and entered into Epi-Info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were computed. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the association among study variables. This study indicated that the overall prevalence of breast self- examination practice was 51.4% with 95% CI (48.1, 55.2). Factors associated with breast self-examination practice were above secondary education (AOR, 6.38; 95% CI: 2.87, 14.16), secondary education (AOR, 5.03; 95% CI: 2.24, 11.30), knowing someone suffering from breast cancer (AOR, 1.98, 95% CI: 1.27, 3.09), and fear of breast cancer from family history (AOR, 12.38, 95% CI: 6.36, 24.10) were having statically significant and positive association with breast self-examination practice. This study revealed that breast self-examination practice was high. Oromia Regional Health Bureau, Adama Town Health Office, women’s and children’s affair offices and other stake holders should disseminate teaching materials that address the benefit of breast self-examination practice. Health professionals should teach the community about the advantage of breast self-examination practice through mass media, awareness raising campaigns, and celebration of breast cancer day.
Abstract: Breast Self-Examination is the process where by a woman examines her own breasts by seeing and feeling with fingers to detect breast lump or swelling. More than 90% cases of breast cancer are detected by women themselves. Poor practice of breast self-examination is usually associated with patient delay. The five-year survival rate for a localized b...
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