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Research Article
High Anxiety and Depression Among People Living with HIV in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Ter Tiero Elias Dah*
,
Désiré Lucien Dahourou,
Kadari Cissé,
Wendgoudi Michael Kaboré,
Diane Somé,
Désiré Nanema,
Linda Audrey Koubi,
Ismael Diallo,
Samiratou Ouedraogo,
Jocelyne Garé,
Abdoulaye Hama Diallo,
Smaïla Ouedraogo,
Nicolas Meda
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 5, October 2025
Pages:
231-240
Received:
26 July 2025
Accepted:
28 August 2025
Published:
8 September 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.cajph.20251105.11
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Abstract: Introduction: Anxiety and depression in people living with HIV (PLHIV) are associated with unfavourable HIV response. We assessed the prevalence and the determinants of anxiety and depression in PLHIV followed up in a community-based clinic (Centre Oasis) in Ouagadougou. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted between April and October 2024 in PLHIV receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) for at least 6 months. Demographic, psychosocial, medical, and behavioural information were collected using a face-to-face questionnaire. Anxiety and depression were both assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The determinants were identified using logistic regression models. Results: A total of 293 PLHIV (mean age 42 years, 60.7% females) were included. The prevalence of anxiety and depression was 21.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 16.2-26.3) and 20.5% (95% CI 15.6-25.8), respectively. Anxiety was associated with older age (adjusted odds ratio aOR 7.72, 95% CI 1.42-42.0), food insecurity (aOR 11.45, 95% CI 3.27-40.1), exposure to violence (aOR 3.95, 95% CI 1.32-12.5) and detectable HIV viral load (aOR 4.17, 95%CI 1.17-10.3). Depression was associated with older age (aOR 6.68, 95% CI 1.47-30.32), food insecurity (aOR 9.75, 95% CI 3.09-30.77), lack of support (aOR 2.44, 95% CI 1.12-6.35), exposure to violence (aOR 4.22, 95% CI 1.47-12.1), and perceived discrimination (aOR 3.48, 95% CI 1.50-8.08). Conclusion: Anxiety and depression are common among PLHIV in Burkina Faso and are strongly associated with age, structural and psychosocial vulnerabilities. The integration of mental health screening and support services into routine HIV care, with particular attention to the vulnerable populations, is needed.
Abstract: Introduction: Anxiety and depression in people living with HIV (PLHIV) are associated with unfavourable HIV response. We assessed the prevalence and the determinants of anxiety and depression in PLHIV followed up in a community-based clinic (Centre Oasis) in Ouagadougou. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted between April and October 2024 i...
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Research Article
Prevalence and Risk Factors of COVID-19 Among Post-Hajj Pilgrims in Ivory Coast, 2024: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Kouadio Daniel Ekra,
Ama Kounangui Marie Noelle Ano*,
Daouda Coulibaly,
Sita Krouma,
Bassory Kone,
Issaka Tiembre
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 5, October 2025
Pages:
241-248
Received:
12 August 2025
Accepted:
20 August 2025
Published:
8 September 2025
Abstract: Context: Since the emergence of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it has profoundly disrupted healthcare systems and social dynamics around the world. Faced with this health burden, the need to curb the transmission of the virus has become a priority, particularly in high-risk contexts such as mass gatherings. As a result, many countries have been forced to cancel, postpone, or reorganize religious, cultural, and sporting events to limit community transmission of the virus. The pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj) brings together millions of worshippers in a confined space, facilitating the transmission of infectious diseases, including COVID-19. Objective: To identify the prevalence and the factors responsible of the occurrence of COVID-19 among pilgrims returning to Côte d'Ivoire. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional analytical study was conducted using the COUSP database on Ivorian pilgrims returning from Mecca in 2024. Epidemiological and medical data (age, comorbidities, vaccination status), clinical and paraclinical data (RT-PCR and TDR tests) were analyzed. A univariate analysis was performed on cross-references between independent variables and the dependent variable. A comparison of proportions was made using the Chi-square test or Fisher's test, depending on their conditions of application and was significant if the p-value was less than 0.05. For the multivariate analysis, variables with a p-value of less than 0.2 in the univariate analyses were selected for model construction using simple logistic regression based on a stepwise downward approach. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and its confidence interval were calculated. A p-value < 0.05 and an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval that did not include 1.00 were considered significant. The adequacy of the final model was verified using the likelihood ratio test. Expected results: The average age was 58.3 years, and 53.6% were women. 86.8% of pilgrims were vaccinated. The prevalence was 0.12% (5 cases out of 4,038). No sociodemographic characteristics were significantly associated with testing positive, except for gender, which was associated with a lower probability of infection (p = 0.01). The association between the presence of other clinical signs and the occurrence of positive cases was significant (p = 0.00). The type of test was also associated with positivity (p = 0.0422). The main associated factors included TDR for screening among pilgrims with 86.78% vaccination coverage. Conclusion: This study documented for the first time in Côte d'Ivoire the factors associated with the occurrence of COVID-19 among pilgrims returning from Mecca. Strengthen vaccination and awareness of preventive measures.
Abstract: Context: Since the emergence of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it has profoundly disrupted healthcare systems and social dynamics around the world. Faced with this health burden, the need to curb the transmission of the virus has become a priority, particularly in high-risk contexts such as mass gatherings. As a result, many countries have be...
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Research Article
Assessment of the Level of Preparedness for Emergency Situations of Health Emergency Management Organizations in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 5, October 2025
Pages:
249-260
Received:
1 August 2025
Accepted:
12 August 2025
Published:
15 September 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.cajph.20251105.13
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Abstract: Context: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted critical weaknesses in global health systems, underscoring the need to strengthen emergency preparedness capacities. Abidjan, the rapidly growing capital of Côte d'Ivoire, faces unprecedented threats to health and livelihoods due to deadly annual floods and the resulting waterborne diseases such as cholera, dengue fever, and leptospirosis. It must be noted that, to date, the health districts of Abidjan, although basic units of the health system, do not have a regional PHEOC, which raises concerns about their level of preparedness. The National PHEOC, under the supervision of the National Institute of Public Health (NIPH), coordinates preparedness and response to health emergencies. It develops contingency plans and improves its capabilities through simulation exercises. The health districts (HDs) of Abidjan, grouped into two health regions: Abidjan 1 Grands Ponts and Abidjan 2 Lagunes, are not members of the national PHEOC. This observation raises concerns about the capacity of this operational unit to respond quickly to health emergencies in its area of intervention. Consequently, questions arise: how is the coordination and planning of interventions in the event of public health emergencies structured within this specific regional hub that is Abidjan? How prepared are Abidjan's health districts to respond to health risks in the city? Objective: To assess organizational capacities for health emergency preparedness in the two health regions of Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire) in 2024. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from May 1 to June 8, 2024, among 31 key stakeholders in the ten health districts of Abidjan. A structured questionnaire, based on the 2021 WHO preparedness framework, was administered. Data were entered into SPSS and analyzed. Results: The median age of participants was 47 years, and the male-to-female ratio was 1.4. Sixty-eight percent were general practitioners or pharmacists, and 61% had a specialization in public health. Seventy-seven percent of districts had a Rapid Response Team (RRT), and 13% had conducted simulation exercises. However, 68% reported a lack of funds dedicated to emergencies, and 35% reported a lack of effective alert and awareness mechanisms. Conclusion: This study highlights the crucial importance of preparedness and management of health emergencies in Côte d'Ivoire, particularly in the city of Abidjan. In the health regions of Abidjan, organizational capacities for health emergency preparedness remain insufficient despite increasing vulnerability to epidemics. Consolidate surveillance and alert systems to improve the resilience of the health system.
Abstract: Context: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted critical weaknesses in global health systems, underscoring the need to strengthen emergency preparedness capacities. Abidjan, the rapidly growing capital of Côte d'Ivoire, faces unprecedented threats to health and livelihoods due to deadly annual floods and the resulting waterborne diseases such as cho...
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