Assessment of Vaccination Coverage of Children Aged 12-23 Months in the Provinces of Ituri and Haut-Katanga, Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2019

Joseph Oyaya Mundala; Joël Fumwakwau Kiniati; Leurby Ikina Bokele; Lapeasta Omba Onokoko; Crispin Mabika Mabika

doi:doi:10.11648/j.cajph.20230905.12

| Peer-Reviewed

Assessment of Vaccination Coverage of Children Aged 12-23 Months in the Provinces of Ituri and Haut-Katanga, Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2019

Joseph Oyaya Mundala, Joël Fumwakwau Kiniati, Leurby Ikina Bokele, Lapeasta Omba Onokoko, Crispin Mabika Mabika

Published in Central African Journal of Public Health (Volume 9, Issue 5)

Received: 29 August 2023 Accepted: 25 September 2023 Published: 8 October 2023

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Vaccination of children continues to pose problems, and the vaccination coverage rate is very low in DR Congo. Cultural, social and economic constraints at various levels are thought to be the main causes. Faced with this health emergency, the Congolese government has implemented strategies to increase the level of immunization coverage among children, and to help reduce child morbidity and mortality linked to vaccine-preventable diseases. A household survey was carried out in 2019 in the provinces of Ituri and Haut-Katanga to estimate the level of coverage at grassroots level. A representative cluster sample was used to exhaustively cover 63 health zones (36 in Ituri and 27 in Haut-Katanga). Over 6,300 mothers/caregivers of children aged 10-23 months were interviewed, at a rate of 100 mothers/caregivers per health zone. The results of this survey show that overall, nearly 49% of children aged 10-23 months are fully vaccinated in Ituri, compared with 53.12% in Haut-Katanga. There are still large numbers of zerodose children (those who have never been vaccinated since birth). For all vaccines, results varied: 53.12% of children in Ituri and 46.88% in Haut-Katanga received the bacillus Calmette and Guerin (BCG) vaccine. BCG vaccine was administered at birth to 39.76% of children in Ituri, versus 60.24% in Haut-Katanga. The discrepancies suggest a missed opportunity and therefore unmet needs for several reasons, principally vaccine stock-outs. For other antigens, there is a downward trend in both provinces between input and output doses. This suggests a lack of effective monitoring. Only 49.6% of children in Ituri and 50.33% of children in Haut-Katanga received the entry dose of polio vaccine (OPV0).

Published in	Central African Journal of Public Health (Volume 9, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.cajph.20230905.12
Page(s)	136-143
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Vaccine Coverage Survey, Antigen, Plan Mashako, DR Congo, Ituri, Haut-Katanga

References

[1]	OMS, Unicef, Banque mondiale. Vaccins et vaccination: la situation dans le monde, 3ème édition, Genève, Organisation mondiale de la Santé, 2010.
[2]	OMS. Enquêtes de couverture vaccinales par sondage en grappes: Manuel de référence, Organisation Mondiale de la Santé, 2015.
[3]	OMS. Stratégies et pratiques mondiales de vaccination systématique, Document complémentaire du Plan d’Action mondial pour les vaccins, Organisation Mondiale de la Santé, 2016.
[4]	Unicef, MICS. MICS Tools (en ligne). 2018. Disponible sur http://mics.unicef.org
[5]	République Démocratique du Congo. (2014). Première Enquête Démographique et de Santé (EDS-RDC I 2007).
[6]	République Démocratique du Congo. (2014). Deuxième Enquête Démographique et de Santé (EDS-RDC II 2013–2014).
[7]	Aaby, P., Benn, C. S., Nielsen, J., Lisse, I. M., Rodrigues, A., & Jensen, H. (2007). DTP vaccination and child survival in observational studies with incomplete vaccination data. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 12 (1), 15-24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01774.x
[8]	Aboukais, S., Orenes, C., Six, C., & Malfait, P. (2012). Vaccination du personnel au sein des établissements hébergeant des personnes âgées, région Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, France. Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, 60, S115.
[9]	Carlson, C., Maw, H. & Mafuta, E. GAVI (2009). Health System Strengthening Support Evaluation: Democratic Republic of Congo, Case Study. (HLSP, 2009).
[10]	Dicko, M., Oni, A. Q., Ganivet, S., Kone, S., Pierre, L., & Jacquet, B. (2000). La sécurité́ des injections vaccinales en Afrique: bien plus qu'un simple problème de logistique. Bulletin de l'Organisation mondiale de la Santé: la revue internationale de santé publique: recueil d'articles 2000; 3: 63-68.
[11]	du loû, A. D., & Pison, G. (1995). Le rôle des vaccinations dans la baisse de la mortalité des enfants au Sénégal. Population (French Edition), 50 (3), 591-620. https://doi.org/10.2307/1534397
[12]	Gothefors, L. (2008). Impact des vaccins dans les pays à bas et hauts revenus. Annales Nestlé (Ed. française), 66 (2), 55-70. https://doi.org/10.1159/000159365
[13]	Guiso, N. (2007). Impact de la vaccination sur l’épidémiologie des maladies infectieuses : Exemple de la coqueluche. médecine/sciences, 23 (4), 399-403. https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2007234399
[14]	Metcalf, C. J. E., Tatem, A., Bjornstad, O. N., Lessler, J., O’Reilly, K., Takahashi, S., Cutts, F., & Grenfell, B. T. (2015). Transport networks and inequities in vaccination: Remoteness shapes measles vaccine coverage and prospects for elimination across Africa. Epidemiology and Infection, 143 (7), 1457-1466. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268814001988
[15]	Muhoza, P., Danovaro-Holliday, C., Diallo, M. S., Murphy, P., Sodha, S. V., Requejo, J. H., & Wallace, S. (2021). Routine vaccination coverage – worldwide, 2020. WEEKLY EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RECORD, 44, 9.
[16]	Pineau, P., & Tiollais, P. (2010). La vaccination : Atout majeur dans la lutte contre le cancer du foie induit par le virus de l’hépatite B. Pathologie Biologie, 58 (6), 444-453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patbio.2009.03.004
[17]	Pison, G. (2010). Le recul de la mortalité des enfants dans le monde : De grandes inégalités entre pays: Population & Sociétés, N° 463 (1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.3917/popsoc.463.0001
[18]	Schoub, B. D., Ngcobo, N. J., & Madhi, S. (2010). The National Advisory Group on Immunization (NAGI) of the Republic of South Africa. Vaccine, 28, A31-A34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.02.029
[19]	Wilkinson, D., Gouws, E., Sach, M., & Abdool Karim, S. S. (2002). Effet de la suppression des redevances sur la fréquentation des services de soins de santé primaires, préventifs et curatifs dans une zone rurale d’Afrique du Sud. Bulletin de l’Organisation Mondiale de La Santé : La Revue Internationale de Santé Publique : Recueil d’Articles 2002 ; 6 : 143-148. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/71454
[20]	Wünsch Filho, V., de Castilho, E. A., Rodrigues, L. C., & Huttly, S. R. (1990). Effectiveness of BCG vaccination against tuberculous meningitis : A case-control study in São Paulo, Brazil. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 68 (1), 69-74. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2393006/

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Joseph Oyaya Mundala, Joël Fumwakwau Kiniati, Leurby Ikina Bokele, Lapeasta Omba Onokoko, Crispin Mabika Mabika. (2023). Assessment of Vaccination Coverage of Children Aged 12-23 Months in the Provinces of Ituri and Haut-Katanga, Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2019. Central African Journal of Public Health, 9(5), 136-143. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20230905.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Joseph Oyaya Mundala; Joël Fumwakwau Kiniati; Leurby Ikina Bokele; Lapeasta Omba Onokoko; Crispin Mabika Mabika. Assessment of Vaccination Coverage of Children Aged 12-23 Months in the Provinces of Ituri and Haut-Katanga, Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2019. Cent. Afr. J. Public Health 2023, 9(5), 136-143. doi: 10.11648/j.cajph.20230905.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Joseph Oyaya Mundala, Joël Fumwakwau Kiniati, Leurby Ikina Bokele, Lapeasta Omba Onokoko, Crispin Mabika Mabika. Assessment of Vaccination Coverage of Children Aged 12-23 Months in the Provinces of Ituri and Haut-Katanga, Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2019. Cent Afr J Public Health. 2023;9(5):136-143. doi: 10.11648/j.cajph.20230905.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.cajph.20230905.12,
  author = {Joseph Oyaya Mundala and Joël Fumwakwau Kiniati and Leurby Ikina Bokele and Lapeasta Omba Onokoko and Crispin Mabika Mabika},
  title = {Assessment of Vaccination Coverage of Children Aged 12-23 Months in the Provinces of Ituri and Haut-Katanga, Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2019},
  journal = {Central African Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {9},
  number = {5},
  pages = {136-143},
  doi = {10.11648/j.cajph.20230905.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20230905.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cajph.20230905.12},
  abstract = {Vaccination of children continues to pose problems, and the vaccination coverage rate is very low in DR Congo. Cultural, social and economic constraints at various levels are thought to be the main causes. Faced with this health emergency, the Congolese government has implemented strategies to increase the level of immunization coverage among children, and to help reduce child morbidity and mortality linked to vaccine-preventable diseases. A household survey was carried out in 2019 in the provinces of Ituri and Haut-Katanga to estimate the level of coverage at grassroots level. A representative cluster sample was used to exhaustively cover 63 health zones (36 in Ituri and 27 in Haut-Katanga). Over 6,300 mothers/caregivers of children aged 10-23 months were interviewed, at a rate of 100 mothers/caregivers per health zone. The results of this survey show that overall, nearly 49% of children aged 10-23 months are fully vaccinated in Ituri, compared with 53.12% in Haut-Katanga. There are still large numbers of zerodose children (those who have never been vaccinated since birth). For all vaccines, results varied: 53.12% of children in Ituri and 46.88% in Haut-Katanga received the bacillus Calmette and Guerin (BCG) vaccine. BCG vaccine was administered at birth to 39.76% of children in Ituri, versus 60.24% in Haut-Katanga. The discrepancies suggest a missed opportunity and therefore unmet needs for several reasons, principally vaccine stock-outs. For other antigens, there is a downward trend in both provinces between input and output doses. This suggests a lack of effective monitoring. Only 49.6% of children in Ituri and 50.33% of children in Haut-Katanga received the entry dose of polio vaccine (OPV0).},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY - JOUR
T1 - Assessment of Vaccination Coverage of Children Aged 12-23 Months in the Provinces of Ituri and Haut-Katanga, Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2019
AU - Joseph Oyaya Mundala
AU - Joël Fumwakwau Kiniati
AU - Leurby Ikina Bokele
AU - Lapeasta Omba Onokoko
AU - Crispin Mabika Mabika
Y1 - 2023/10/08
PY - 2023
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20230905.12
DO - 10.11648/j.cajph.20230905.12
T2 - Central African Journal of Public Health
JF - Central African Journal of Public Health
JO - Central African Journal of Public Health
SP - 136
EP - 143
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2575-5781
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20230905.12
AB - Vaccination of children continues to pose problems, and the vaccination coverage rate is very low in DR Congo. Cultural, social and economic constraints at various levels are thought to be the main causes. Faced with this health emergency, the Congolese government has implemented strategies to increase the level of immunization coverage among children, and to help reduce child morbidity and mortality linked to vaccine-preventable diseases. A household survey was carried out in 2019 in the provinces of Ituri and Haut-Katanga to estimate the level of coverage at grassroots level. A representative cluster sample was used to exhaustively cover 63 health zones (36 in Ituri and 27 in Haut-Katanga). Over 6,300 mothers/caregivers of children aged 10-23 months were interviewed, at a rate of 100 mothers/caregivers per health zone. The results of this survey show that overall, nearly 49% of children aged 10-23 months are fully vaccinated in Ituri, compared with 53.12% in Haut-Katanga. There are still large numbers of zerodose children (those who have never been vaccinated since birth). For all vaccines, results varied: 53.12% of children in Ituri and 46.88% in Haut-Katanga received the bacillus Calmette and Guerin (BCG) vaccine. BCG vaccine was administered at birth to 39.76% of children in Ituri, versus 60.24% in Haut-Katanga. The discrepancies suggest a missed opportunity and therefore unmet needs for several reasons, principally vaccine stock-outs. For other antigens, there is a downward trend in both provinces between input and output doses. This suggests a lack of effective monitoring. Only 49.6% of children in Ituri and 50.33% of children in Haut-Katanga received the entry dose of polio vaccine (OPV0).
VL - 9
IS - 5
ER -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Joseph Oyaya Mundala

Management of Healthcare Organisations, Higher Institute of Medical Techniques, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Joël Fumwakwau Kiniati

Institute for Economic and Social Research, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Leurby Ikina Bokele

Institute for Economic and Social Research, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Lapeasta Omba Onokoko

Institute for Economic and Social Research, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Crispin Mabika Mabika

School of Population and Development Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Joseph Oyaya Mundala, Joël Fumwakwau Kiniati, Leurby Ikina Bokele, Lapeasta Omba Onokoko, Crispin Mabika Mabika. (2023). Assessment of Vaccination Coverage of Children Aged 12-23 Months in the Provinces of Ituri and Haut-Katanga, Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2019. Central African Journal of Public Health, 9(5), 136-143. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20230905.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Joseph Oyaya Mundala; Joël Fumwakwau Kiniati; Leurby Ikina Bokele; Lapeasta Omba Onokoko; Crispin Mabika Mabika. Assessment of Vaccination Coverage of Children Aged 12-23 Months in the Provinces of Ituri and Haut-Katanga, Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2019. Cent. Afr. J. Public Health 2023, 9(5), 136-143. doi: 10.11648/j.cajph.20230905.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Joseph Oyaya Mundala, Joël Fumwakwau Kiniati, Leurby Ikina Bokele, Lapeasta Omba Onokoko, Crispin Mabika Mabika. Assessment of Vaccination Coverage of Children Aged 12-23 Months in the Provinces of Ituri and Haut-Katanga, Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2019. Cent Afr J Public Health. 2023;9(5):136-143. doi: 10.11648/j.cajph.20230905.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.cajph.20230905.12,
  author = {Joseph Oyaya Mundala and Joël Fumwakwau Kiniati and Leurby Ikina Bokele and Lapeasta Omba Onokoko and Crispin Mabika Mabika},
  title = {Assessment of Vaccination Coverage of Children Aged 12-23 Months in the Provinces of Ituri and Haut-Katanga, Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2019},
  journal = {Central African Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {9},
  number = {5},
  pages = {136-143},
  doi = {10.11648/j.cajph.20230905.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20230905.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cajph.20230905.12},
  abstract = {Vaccination of children continues to pose problems, and the vaccination coverage rate is very low in DR Congo. Cultural, social and economic constraints at various levels are thought to be the main causes. Faced with this health emergency, the Congolese government has implemented strategies to increase the level of immunization coverage among children, and to help reduce child morbidity and mortality linked to vaccine-preventable diseases. A household survey was carried out in 2019 in the provinces of Ituri and Haut-Katanga to estimate the level of coverage at grassroots level. A representative cluster sample was used to exhaustively cover 63 health zones (36 in Ituri and 27 in Haut-Katanga). Over 6,300 mothers/caregivers of children aged 10-23 months were interviewed, at a rate of 100 mothers/caregivers per health zone. The results of this survey show that overall, nearly 49% of children aged 10-23 months are fully vaccinated in Ituri, compared with 53.12% in Haut-Katanga. There are still large numbers of zerodose children (those who have never been vaccinated since birth). For all vaccines, results varied: 53.12% of children in Ituri and 46.88% in Haut-Katanga received the bacillus Calmette and Guerin (BCG) vaccine. BCG vaccine was administered at birth to 39.76% of children in Ituri, versus 60.24% in Haut-Katanga. The discrepancies suggest a missed opportunity and therefore unmet needs for several reasons, principally vaccine stock-outs. For other antigens, there is a downward trend in both provinces between input and output doses. This suggests a lack of effective monitoring. Only 49.6% of children in Ituri and 50.33% of children in Haut-Katanga received the entry dose of polio vaccine (OPV0).},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download