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Evaluation of the Application of Biosecurity Among Healthcare Workers in Kinshasa, with a View to Preventing Infectious Risks: A Cross-Sectional and Analytical Study

Received: 24 September 2025     Accepted: 9 October 2025     Published: 22 November 2025
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Abstract

Context: The application of biosafety is not effective in the world, the rare case that exists, is almost undocumented. Biological risks are not limited only to laboratories, it is also great in the daily practice of the health care profession, doctor or nurse; but it is largely ignored by practitioners due to their attitude, reason for nosocomial diseases. The health sector in the DRC (Democratic Republic of Congo) suffers from several ills, not allowing the implementation of biosafety actions. Evaluated the extent of the application of biosafety among health care professionals in order to prevent infectious risks. Methods: The study took place in medical institutions in the health zones of the City of Kinshasa, during the period from 10/06/2023 to 10/06/2024. It was a multicenter, cross-sectional and analytical study carried out among healthcare professionals (doctors and nurses) in the city of Kinshasa, with a convenience sample, exhaustive of the number of doctors and nurses present at the time of our survey, thus giving a sample size of 305 respondents. Being a doctor or nurse and giving consent were the selection criteria. The data were collected electronically with the KoboToolbox application, and analyzed by the SPP (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software version 24. Results: The Congolese healthcare workers (Doctors and Nurses) were born outside Kinshasa (57.4%), and were in the age group of 36 to 41 years (34.1%) with an average age of 37.6 ± 9.05 years. They were married (53.8%) and worked in the City's Hospitals and Reference Centers (28.5%). They were aware of biosecurity (53.1%) and its importance (67.9%) among the staff of medical institutions, while ignoring its importance among the healthcare workers (50.5%). They were not aware of the concepts of biosecurity (58.7%), but were still aware of its primary purpose, which is health risk management (76.1%). The application of biosafety is not effective among medical staff in the country's medical institutions (78.4%), and emergency procedures in different exposures are not known at all (3.3%). Conclusion: Biosafety is not effectively implemented among healthcare workers in the country's medical institutions, and emergency procedures in various exposures are not well known. Biosafety remains a serious problem for doctors and nurses in terms of knowledge and applicability.

Published in Central African Journal of Public Health (Volume 11, Issue 6)
DOI 10.11648/j.cajph.20251106.15
Page(s) 372-380
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Biosecurity, Biosafety, Doctor, Nurse, Kinshasa

References
[1] World Health Organization (WHO). Laboratory Biosafety Manual. Third Edition.
[2] Mathilde Gallay-Keller, “Preserving and Exhibiting Microbes at the Turn of the 20th Century”, Revue d'anthropologie des connaissances, 15-3 | 2021, published on September 1, 2021, accessed on April 16, 2024. URL:
[3] SOP Biosécurité générale: Définition de la Biosécurité [Internet]. Disponible sur:
[4] Biosécurité [Internet]. Notre Université. Disponible sur:
[5] Biosecurity &; Health Security Protection (BSP). Manuel de s& # 233; curit& # 233; biologique en laboratoire, 4e & # 233; d [Internet]. Disponible sur:
[6] Fcoppens. La biosécurité dans le monde - Contexte historique [Internet]. Belgian Biosafety Server. 2017. Disponible sur:
[7] Silvia Bellini. Application of biosecurity in different production systems at individual, national and regional levels. (2018) Europe-OIE Regional Commission.
[8] Olivier Reynard, Viktor Volchkov and Christophe Peyrefitte. A first epidemic of Ebola virus fever in West Africa. Med Sci (Paris) 2014; 30: 671–673.
[9] Sonia Dhaouadi, Aicha Hechaichi, Hajer Letaief, Mouna Safer, Emna Mziou, Khouloud Talmoudi et al. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 deaths in Tunisia before the emergence of VOCs (March 2020-February 2021). Pan African Medical Journal. 2022; 43(172).
[10] Hermès Karemere, et al. Analysis of the attitudes and behaviors of doctors and nurses as a strategic lever for hospital resource management. Pan African Medical Journal. 2015; 21: 193.
[11] Statista. Number of people who have died from coronavirus (COVID-19) worldwide as of August 18, 2023, by country.
[12] Mathilde Bourrier. Behind the scenes of the management of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa (2014-2016): the era of the “OMSF”. Social Sciences and Health 2019/2 (Vol. 37), pages 39 to 66.
[13] Salerno, RM and J. Gaudioso. (2007). Laboratory Biosecurity Handbook, Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press.
[14] Christian MUTATA AMISI Pascal LUTUMBA, Jean Paul NGBOLUA Koto-te- NYIWA. Knowledge and practices of biosafety in clinical laboratories in the city of Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo. European University Edition May 2020.
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  • APA Style

    Michael, K. K., Patrick, O. O., Claudia, M. M., Merdie, N. E., Chris, M. K., et al. (2025). Evaluation of the Application of Biosecurity Among Healthcare Workers in Kinshasa, with a View to Preventing Infectious Risks: A Cross-Sectional and Analytical Study. Central African Journal of Public Health, 11(6), 372-380. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20251106.15

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    ACS Style

    Michael, K. K.; Patrick, O. O.; Claudia, M. M.; Merdie, N. E.; Chris, M. K., et al. Evaluation of the Application of Biosecurity Among Healthcare Workers in Kinshasa, with a View to Preventing Infectious Risks: A Cross-Sectional and Analytical Study. Cent. Afr. J. Public Health 2025, 11(6), 372-380. doi: 10.11648/j.cajph.20251106.15

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    AMA Style

    Michael KK, Patrick OO, Claudia MM, Merdie NE, Chris MK, et al. Evaluation of the Application of Biosecurity Among Healthcare Workers in Kinshasa, with a View to Preventing Infectious Risks: A Cross-Sectional and Analytical Study. Cent Afr J Public Health. 2025;11(6):372-380. doi: 10.11648/j.cajph.20251106.15

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  • @article{10.11648/j.cajph.20251106.15,
      author = {Kapitene Kamuanga Michael and On'Ofumbo Olango Patrick and Mbanda Mpunza Claudia and Nsa Ebengo Merdie and Monsheviale Kilor Chris and Nsongo Beyolo Stephanie and Nkanga Nsa Titi and Mbokolo Bolima Clovis},
      title = {Evaluation of the Application of Biosecurity Among Healthcare Workers in Kinshasa, with a View to Preventing Infectious Risks: A Cross-Sectional and Analytical Study
    },
      journal = {Central African Journal of Public Health},
      volume = {11},
      number = {6},
      pages = {372-380},
      doi = {10.11648/j.cajph.20251106.15},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20251106.15},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cajph.20251106.15},
      abstract = {Context: The application of biosafety is not effective in the world, the rare case that exists, is almost undocumented. Biological risks are not limited only to laboratories, it is also great in the daily practice of the health care profession, doctor or nurse; but it is largely ignored by practitioners due to their attitude, reason for nosocomial diseases. The health sector in the DRC (Democratic Republic of Congo) suffers from several ills, not allowing the implementation of biosafety actions. Evaluated the extent of the application of biosafety among health care professionals in order to prevent infectious risks. Methods: The study took place in medical institutions in the health zones of the City of Kinshasa, during the period from 10/06/2023 to 10/06/2024. It was a multicenter, cross-sectional and analytical study carried out among healthcare professionals (doctors and nurses) in the city of Kinshasa, with a convenience sample, exhaustive of the number of doctors and nurses present at the time of our survey, thus giving a sample size of 305 respondents. Being a doctor or nurse and giving consent were the selection criteria. The data were collected electronically with the KoboToolbox application, and analyzed by the SPP (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software version 24. Results: The Congolese healthcare workers (Doctors and Nurses) were born outside Kinshasa (57.4%), and were in the age group of 36 to 41 years (34.1%) with an average age of 37.6 ± 9.05 years. They were married (53.8%) and worked in the City's Hospitals and Reference Centers (28.5%). They were aware of biosecurity (53.1%) and its importance (67.9%) among the staff of medical institutions, while ignoring its importance among the healthcare workers (50.5%). They were not aware of the concepts of biosecurity (58.7%), but were still aware of its primary purpose, which is health risk management (76.1%). The application of biosafety is not effective among medical staff in the country's medical institutions (78.4%), and emergency procedures in different exposures are not known at all (3.3%). Conclusion: Biosafety is not effectively implemented among healthcare workers in the country's medical institutions, and emergency procedures in various exposures are not well known. Biosafety remains a serious problem for doctors and nurses in terms of knowledge and applicability.
    },
     year = {2025}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Evaluation of the Application of Biosecurity Among Healthcare Workers in Kinshasa, with a View to Preventing Infectious Risks: A Cross-Sectional and Analytical Study
    
    AU  - Kapitene Kamuanga Michael
    AU  - On'Ofumbo Olango Patrick
    AU  - Mbanda Mpunza Claudia
    AU  - Nsa Ebengo Merdie
    AU  - Monsheviale Kilor Chris
    AU  - Nsongo Beyolo Stephanie
    AU  - Nkanga Nsa Titi
    AU  - Mbokolo Bolima Clovis
    Y1  - 2025/11/22
    PY  - 2025
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20251106.15
    DO  - 10.11648/j.cajph.20251106.15
    T2  - Central African Journal of Public Health
    JF  - Central African Journal of Public Health
    JO  - Central African Journal of Public Health
    SP  - 372
    EP  - 380
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-5781
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20251106.15
    AB  - Context: The application of biosafety is not effective in the world, the rare case that exists, is almost undocumented. Biological risks are not limited only to laboratories, it is also great in the daily practice of the health care profession, doctor or nurse; but it is largely ignored by practitioners due to their attitude, reason for nosocomial diseases. The health sector in the DRC (Democratic Republic of Congo) suffers from several ills, not allowing the implementation of biosafety actions. Evaluated the extent of the application of biosafety among health care professionals in order to prevent infectious risks. Methods: The study took place in medical institutions in the health zones of the City of Kinshasa, during the period from 10/06/2023 to 10/06/2024. It was a multicenter, cross-sectional and analytical study carried out among healthcare professionals (doctors and nurses) in the city of Kinshasa, with a convenience sample, exhaustive of the number of doctors and nurses present at the time of our survey, thus giving a sample size of 305 respondents. Being a doctor or nurse and giving consent were the selection criteria. The data were collected electronically with the KoboToolbox application, and analyzed by the SPP (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software version 24. Results: The Congolese healthcare workers (Doctors and Nurses) were born outside Kinshasa (57.4%), and were in the age group of 36 to 41 years (34.1%) with an average age of 37.6 ± 9.05 years. They were married (53.8%) and worked in the City's Hospitals and Reference Centers (28.5%). They were aware of biosecurity (53.1%) and its importance (67.9%) among the staff of medical institutions, while ignoring its importance among the healthcare workers (50.5%). They were not aware of the concepts of biosecurity (58.7%), but were still aware of its primary purpose, which is health risk management (76.1%). The application of biosafety is not effective among medical staff in the country's medical institutions (78.4%), and emergency procedures in different exposures are not known at all (3.3%). Conclusion: Biosafety is not effectively implemented among healthcare workers in the country's medical institutions, and emergency procedures in various exposures are not well known. Biosafety remains a serious problem for doctors and nurses in terms of knowledge and applicability.
    
    VL  - 11
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Family Medicine and Primary HealthCare, Protestant University of Congo, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; Department of Public Health, John Wesley Methodist University, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; Emerging Disease Management Unit, Micha'gloire Medical-Surgical and Maternity Center, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

  • Department of Public Health, John Wesley Methodist University, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

  • Department of Public Health, John Wesley Methodist University, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; Center of Excellence in Chemistry Biology Radiology and Nuclear, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

  • Center of Excellence in Chemistry Biology Radiology and Nuclear, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

  • Center of Excellence in Chemistry Biology Radiology and Nuclear, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

  • Center of Excellence in Chemistry Biology Radiology and Nuclear, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

  • Center of Excellence in Chemistry Biology Radiology and Nuclear, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

  • Center of Excellence in Chemistry Biology Radiology and Nuclear, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

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