Levels of Rheumatoid Factor in Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria in Children and Its Association with Gender, Age and Parasite Density

Hien Sansan; Yeboah Oppong Richard; N'Guessan Koffi; Kouacou Amah Patricia Victorine; Adou Honoré; Dassé Sery Romuald

doi:doi:10.11648/j.iji.20160406.11

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Levels of Rheumatoid Factor in Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria in Children and Its Association with Gender, Age and Parasite Density

Hien Sansan, Yeboah Oppong Richard, N'Guessan Koffi, Kouacou Amah Patricia Victorine, Adou Honoré, Dassé Sery Romuald

Published in International Journal of Immunology (Volume 4, Issue 6)

Received: 20 September 2016 Accepted: 6 October 2016 Published: 17 December 2016

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Abstract

Objectives: The rheumatoid factor (RF), like any antibody, may encounter in the body an antigenic specificity. It will then bind to an antigen by cross-reaction or an already formed immune complex. In this context, the RF may impede reactions of diagnosis with immunological principle (antigen-antibody reaction). The rheumatoid factor as well as anti-animal antibodies also reacts with the Fc portion of animal or human IgG of kits of reagents leading to false positive or false negative results. That’s the reason why we wanted to have more information about its levels and its association with gender, age and parasite density in children with falciparum malaria. Methodology: It was a prospective study about 130 children of both sexes (M / F: 73/57; mean age: 4.78 ± 3.48 years), suffering from falciparum malaria and aged from 0 to 15 years old. Those children have been included in pediatric services of the University Hospital Center of Cocody and the General Hospital of Kumasi, both, in Abidjan. Venous blood samples were collected on EDTA for blood cells count, parasite densities, and identification of Plasmodium falciparum. The other blood samples collected without EDTA were used to measure Rheumatoid Factor levels. Giemsa-stained thin and thick blood films were analyzed by microscope for plasmodium species and parasite density. Hematological parameters were determined using hematology cell counter (Sysmex KX-21N). Slide agglutination test (RF-latex) was used for qualitative and quantitative detection of Rheumatoid Factor. Statistical analysis was carried out on a computer using Excel 2007 and Statistica 7.1. For all test p-value <0.05 below was considered significant. Results: During falciparum malaria, 30% of children in this study produced RF. The mean level of RF observed in children under 5 years was higher than those whose age was ≥ 5 years but statically not significant (p = 0.07). We also found in children whose age was ≥ 5 years, negative correlation between the level of RF and parasite density, which was stronger than those under 5 years (R = - 0.53, p = 0.006 vs R = - 0.23 p = 0.013). Most of children secreting Rheumatoid Factor were males (69.23%) and had more risk than females (OR = 3.35). Conclusion: This study showed that 30% of children in falciparum malaria secreted RF. This autoantibody was associated with gender, age and parasite density.

Published in	International Journal of Immunology (Volume 4, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.iji.20160406.11
Page(s)	46-51
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Falciparum Malaria, Rheumatoid Factor, Children

References

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[4]	Akré D. P., Séka S. J., Dassé S. R. et al. Recherche d’autoanticorps antierythrocytairesau cours de l’accespalustre chez 50 enfants au chu de cocody. J. sci. pharm. biol.2007, 8; 1: 78-84.
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[6]	Phanuphak P, Suranan Tirawatnpong, Mattana Hanvanich, Panmuong W, Moollaor P, Sodsai Vejjajiva et al Autoantibodies in falciparum malaria: a sequential study in 183 Thai patients.Clin. exp. Immunol. 1983, 53: 627-633.
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[15]	Dassé SR, N’guessan K, Akré DP, Kouamé DR, Yeboah OR, Sombo MF Facteur rhumatoïde et tests de diagnostic sérologique en zone d’endémie du paludisme. Afrique Biomédicale 2011, 16; 4: 62-67.
[16]	Imoru M, Shehu U A, Ihesiulor U G, kwaru A H. Haematological changes in malaria-infected children in North-West Nigeria. Turk J Med Sci 2013, 43: 838-842.
[17]	KANAKIA Health Express Reference ranges for leucocyte count in children. February 2006; Vol. 2 N° 6.
[18]	Sombo MF, Dassé SR,Akré DP, N'guessan K,Sangaré MA Fréquence du facteur rhumatoïde chez les sujets sains vivant dans une zone d'endémie palustre.Rev. Int. Sc. Méd. 2006, 8; 2:13-17.
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Hien Sansan, Yeboah Oppong Richard, N'Guessan Koffi, Kouacou Amah Patricia Victorine, Adou Honoré, et al. (2016). Levels of Rheumatoid Factor in Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria in Children and Its Association with Gender, Age and Parasite Density. International Journal of Immunology, 4(6), 46-51. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20160406.11

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ACS Style

Hien Sansan; Yeboah Oppong Richard; N'Guessan Koffi; Kouacou Amah Patricia Victorine; Adou Honoré, et al. Levels of Rheumatoid Factor in Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria in Children and Its Association with Gender, Age and Parasite Density. Int. J. Immunol. 2016, 4(6), 46-51. doi: 10.11648/j.iji.20160406.11

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AMA Style

Hien Sansan, Yeboah Oppong Richard, N'Guessan Koffi, Kouacou Amah Patricia Victorine, Adou Honoré, et al. Levels of Rheumatoid Factor in Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria in Children and Its Association with Gender, Age and Parasite Density. Int J Immunol. 2016;4(6):46-51. doi: 10.11648/j.iji.20160406.11

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@article{10.11648/j.iji.20160406.11,
  author = {Hien Sansan and Yeboah Oppong Richard and N'Guessan Koffi and Kouacou Amah Patricia Victorine and Adou Honoré and Dassé Sery Romuald},
  title = {Levels of Rheumatoid Factor in Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria in Children and Its Association with Gender, Age and Parasite Density},
  journal = {International Journal of Immunology},
  volume = {4},
  number = {6},
  pages = {46-51},
  doi = {10.11648/j.iji.20160406.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20160406.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.iji.20160406.11},
  abstract = {Objectives: The rheumatoid factor (RF), like any antibody, may encounter in the body an antigenic specificity. It will then bind to an antigen by cross-reaction or an already formed immune complex. In this context, the RF may impede reactions of diagnosis with immunological principle (antigen-antibody reaction). The rheumatoid factor as well as anti-animal antibodies also reacts with the Fc portion of animal or human IgG of kits of reagents leading to false positive or false negative results. That’s the reason why we wanted to have more information about its levels and its association with gender, age and parasite density in children with falciparum malaria. Methodology: It was a prospective study about 130 children of both sexes (M / F: 73/57; mean age: 4.78 ± 3.48 years), suffering from falciparum malaria and aged from 0 to 15 years old. Those children have been included in pediatric services of the University Hospital Center of Cocody and the General Hospital of Kumasi, both, in Abidjan. Venous blood samples were collected on EDTA for blood cells count, parasite densities, and identification of Plasmodium falciparum. The other blood samples collected without EDTA were used to measure Rheumatoid Factor levels. Giemsa-stained thin and thick blood films were analyzed by microscope for plasmodium species and parasite density. Hematological parameters were determined using hematology cell counter (Sysmex KX-21N). Slide agglutination test (RF-latex) was used for qualitative and quantitative detection of Rheumatoid Factor. Statistical analysis was carried out on a computer using Excel 2007 and Statistica 7.1. For all test p-value Results: During falciparum malaria, 30% of children in this study produced RF. The mean level of RF observed in children under 5 years was higher than those whose age was ≥ 5 years but statically not significant (p = 0.07). We also found in children whose age was ≥ 5 years, negative correlation between the level of RF and parasite density, which was stronger than those under 5 years (R = - 0.53, p = 0.006 vs R = - 0.23 p = 0.013). Most of children secreting Rheumatoid Factor were males (69.23%) and had more risk than females (OR = 3.35). Conclusion: This study showed that 30% of children in falciparum malaria secreted RF. This autoantibody was associated with gender, age and parasite density.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Levels of Rheumatoid Factor in Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria in Children and Its Association with Gender, Age and Parasite Density
AU - Hien Sansan
AU - Yeboah Oppong Richard
AU - N'Guessan Koffi
AU - Kouacou Amah Patricia Victorine
AU - Adou Honoré
AU - Dassé Sery Romuald
Y1 - 2016/12/17
PY - 2016
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20160406.11
DO - 10.11648/j.iji.20160406.11
T2 - International Journal of Immunology
JF - International Journal of Immunology
JO - International Journal of Immunology
SP - 46
EP - 51
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2329-1753
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20160406.11
AB - Objectives: The rheumatoid factor (RF), like any antibody, may encounter in the body an antigenic specificity. It will then bind to an antigen by cross-reaction or an already formed immune complex. In this context, the RF may impede reactions of diagnosis with immunological principle (antigen-antibody reaction). The rheumatoid factor as well as anti-animal antibodies also reacts with the Fc portion of animal or human IgG of kits of reagents leading to false positive or false negative results. That’s the reason why we wanted to have more information about its levels and its association with gender, age and parasite density in children with falciparum malaria. Methodology: It was a prospective study about 130 children of both sexes (M / F: 73/57; mean age: 4.78 ± 3.48 years), suffering from falciparum malaria and aged from 0 to 15 years old. Those children have been included in pediatric services of the University Hospital Center of Cocody and the General Hospital of Kumasi, both, in Abidjan. Venous blood samples were collected on EDTA for blood cells count, parasite densities, and identification of Plasmodium falciparum. The other blood samples collected without EDTA were used to measure Rheumatoid Factor levels. Giemsa-stained thin and thick blood films were analyzed by microscope for plasmodium species and parasite density. Hematological parameters were determined using hematology cell counter (Sysmex KX-21N). Slide agglutination test (RF-latex) was used for qualitative and quantitative detection of Rheumatoid Factor. Statistical analysis was carried out on a computer using Excel 2007 and Statistica 7.1. For all test p-value Results: During falciparum malaria, 30% of children in this study produced RF. The mean level of RF observed in children under 5 years was higher than those whose age was ≥ 5 years but statically not significant (p = 0.07). We also found in children whose age was ≥ 5 years, negative correlation between the level of RF and parasite density, which was stronger than those under 5 years (R = - 0.53, p = 0.006 vs R = - 0.23 p = 0.013). Most of children secreting Rheumatoid Factor were males (69.23%) and had more risk than females (OR = 3.35). Conclusion: This study showed that 30% of children in falciparum malaria secreted RF. This autoantibody was associated with gender, age and parasite density.
VL - 4
IS - 6
ER -

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Author Information

Hien Sansan

Departement of Hematology-Immunology-Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Félix Houphou?t Boigny University, Abidjan, C?te d’Ivoire
Yeboah Oppong Richard

Departement of Hematology-Immunology-Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Félix Houphou?t Boigny University, Abidjan, C?te d’Ivoire
N'Guessan Koffi

Departement of Hematology-Immunology-Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Félix Houphou?t Boigny University, Abidjan, C?te d’Ivoire
Kouacou Amah Patricia Victorine

Departement of Hematology-Immunology-Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Félix Houphou?t Boigny University, Abidjan, C?te d’Ivoire
Adou Honoré

Departement of Hematology-Immunology-Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Félix Houphou?t Boigny University, Abidjan, C?te d’Ivoire
Dassé Sery Romuald

Departement of Hematology-Immunology-Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Félix Houphou?t Boigny University, Abidjan, C?te d’Ivoire

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APA Style

Hien Sansan, Yeboah Oppong Richard, N'Guessan Koffi, Kouacou Amah Patricia Victorine, Adou Honoré, et al. (2016). Levels of Rheumatoid Factor in Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria in Children and Its Association with Gender, Age and Parasite Density. International Journal of Immunology, 4(6), 46-51. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20160406.11

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Hien Sansan; Yeboah Oppong Richard; N'Guessan Koffi; Kouacou Amah Patricia Victorine; Adou Honoré, et al. Levels of Rheumatoid Factor in Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria in Children and Its Association with Gender, Age and Parasite Density. Int. J. Immunol. 2016, 4(6), 46-51. doi: 10.11648/j.iji.20160406.11

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AMA Style

Hien Sansan, Yeboah Oppong Richard, N'Guessan Koffi, Kouacou Amah Patricia Victorine, Adou Honoré, et al. Levels of Rheumatoid Factor in Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria in Children and Its Association with Gender, Age and Parasite Density. Int J Immunol. 2016;4(6):46-51. doi: 10.11648/j.iji.20160406.11

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@article{10.11648/j.iji.20160406.11,
  author = {Hien Sansan and Yeboah Oppong Richard and N'Guessan Koffi and Kouacou Amah Patricia Victorine and Adou Honoré and Dassé Sery Romuald},
  title = {Levels of Rheumatoid Factor in Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria in Children and Its Association with Gender, Age and Parasite Density},
  journal = {International Journal of Immunology},
  volume = {4},
  number = {6},
  pages = {46-51},
  doi = {10.11648/j.iji.20160406.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20160406.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.iji.20160406.11},
  abstract = {Objectives: The rheumatoid factor (RF), like any antibody, may encounter in the body an antigenic specificity. It will then bind to an antigen by cross-reaction or an already formed immune complex. In this context, the RF may impede reactions of diagnosis with immunological principle (antigen-antibody reaction). The rheumatoid factor as well as anti-animal antibodies also reacts with the Fc portion of animal or human IgG of kits of reagents leading to false positive or false negative results. That’s the reason why we wanted to have more information about its levels and its association with gender, age and parasite density in children with falciparum malaria. Methodology: It was a prospective study about 130 children of both sexes (M / F: 73/57; mean age: 4.78 ± 3.48 years), suffering from falciparum malaria and aged from 0 to 15 years old. Those children have been included in pediatric services of the University Hospital Center of Cocody and the General Hospital of Kumasi, both, in Abidjan. Venous blood samples were collected on EDTA for blood cells count, parasite densities, and identification of Plasmodium falciparum. The other blood samples collected without EDTA were used to measure Rheumatoid Factor levels. Giemsa-stained thin and thick blood films were analyzed by microscope for plasmodium species and parasite density. Hematological parameters were determined using hematology cell counter (Sysmex KX-21N). Slide agglutination test (RF-latex) was used for qualitative and quantitative detection of Rheumatoid Factor. Statistical analysis was carried out on a computer using Excel 2007 and Statistica 7.1. For all test p-value Results: During falciparum malaria, 30% of children in this study produced RF. The mean level of RF observed in children under 5 years was higher than those whose age was ≥ 5 years but statically not significant (p = 0.07). We also found in children whose age was ≥ 5 years, negative correlation between the level of RF and parasite density, which was stronger than those under 5 years (R = - 0.53, p = 0.006 vs R = - 0.23 p = 0.013). Most of children secreting Rheumatoid Factor were males (69.23%) and had more risk than females (OR = 3.35). Conclusion: This study showed that 30% of children in falciparum malaria secreted RF. This autoantibody was associated with gender, age and parasite density.},
 year = {2016}
}

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