Determinations of Some Selected Heavy Metals and Elements in Soil of the College’s Farm, College of Agriculture, Maiduguri, North – Eastern Nigeria

Gwana Adamu Mohammed; Buhari Bagudu Yawuri; Effiong Edet Bassey; Adam Ahmed; Mohammed Lawan Shettima; Mohammed Lawan Marte; Hauwa Lawan Badawi

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijepp.s.2017050601.13

Determinations of Some Selected Heavy Metals and Elements in Soil of the College’s Farm, College of Agriculture, Maiduguri, North – Eastern Nigeria

Gwana Adamu Mohammed, Buhari Bagudu Yawuri, Effiong Edet Bassey, Adam Ahmed, Mohammed Lawan Shettima, Mohammed Lawan Marte, Hauwa Lawan Badawi

Published in International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy (Volume 5, Issue 6-1)

Received: 15 March 2017 Accepted: 16 March 2017 Published: 21 August 2017

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Abstract

This study focuses on the ecosystem – ecological, environmental Pedology determined of some selective heavy metals and elements in soil of the college’s farm, College of Agriculture, Maiduguri, Nigeria. Soils were sampled, and collected as described by the method of Ashiq et al, (2013) and analysed by the methods described by AOAC (1990). Results obtained revealed that, the soil sampled found to contained heavy metals and element in moderate amount of mean concentration values in milligrams per gram (mg / g), the element and metals determined were; potassium (K) element had the highest level with the mean concentration of 15 mg / g, and then followed by cadmium (Cd) 9 mg / g, copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) had 1 mg / g each, lead (Pb) had the value of 0.4 mg / g in mean concentration level, while manganese (Mn) had 0.3 mg / g, and finally zinc (Zn) had the mean concentration level of 0.1 mg / g of soil. The magnitude of concentration levels of the heavy metals and elements determined in the soils of the college’s irrigation farm in sequential ascending order was; K > Cd > Cu, Fe and Ni > Pb > Mn > Zn. Also in consideration of their concentration levels in terms of mean percentage (%) amongst the metals and elements determined; K had 54%, Cd had 32%, Fe and Ni had 5% each, Cu had 2%, Mn and Pb had I% each, and finally Zn had 0.5%, i.e. the highest in mean concentration levels was potassium (K), the least was zinc and it is not contaminated by the metals and the elements determined as well respectively. Human activities have dramatically changed the 10 metres position and organization of the soil. The industrial and mining activates in an increased concentration of heavy metals in soil. How plants and soil microorganisms cope with this situation. It is recommended that further study needs to be carried out in order to ascertain, assess and state the heavy metals and elements mean concentration levels in soil of the said study area, and all farms at large.

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy (Volume 5, Issue 6-1) This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of SLT: Environmental Impact Assessment And Statement Concept
DOI	10.11648/j.ijepp.s.2017050601.13
Page(s)	17-22
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

College’s Farm, Concentration, Element, Heavy Metal, Mean Value, Soil

References

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[15]	Gwana, A. M., Bassey, E. E., Buhari, B. Y., Mala, A. M., Umaru, B. W., Mohammed, L. S., Shettima, U. K., Halima, M. B. Role of Slt: Environmental Impact Assessments and Statements Concept. International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy, Special Issue: The role of SLT: Environmental Impact Assessment and Statement Concept, Vol. 5, No. 6-1, pp. 1–7. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepp.s.2017050601.11.
[16]	Huges, M. K; Lepp, W. W and Philips, D. A. 1980. Industrial Heavy Metal, Pollution and Terrestrial Ecosystem, Advance Ecological Research, 11, pp, 217–227.
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[18]	Jayedev, E. and Puttah, T. 2013. Assessment of Heavy Metals Uptake in Leafy Vegetables Grown on Long Term Waste Water Irrigated Soil Across Vrishabhavathi River, Bangalore, Karnataka, Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology, Vol. 7; pp. 52–55.
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Gwana Adamu Mohammed, Buhari Bagudu Yawuri, Effiong Edet Bassey, Adam Ahmed, Mohammed Lawan Shettima, et al. (2017). Determinations of Some Selected Heavy Metals and Elements in Soil of the College’s Farm, College of Agriculture, Maiduguri, North – Eastern Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy, 5(6-1), 17-22. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.s.2017050601.13

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ACS Style

Gwana Adamu Mohammed; Buhari Bagudu Yawuri; Effiong Edet Bassey; Adam Ahmed; Mohammed Lawan Shettima, et al. Determinations of Some Selected Heavy Metals and Elements in Soil of the College’s Farm, College of Agriculture, Maiduguri, North – Eastern Nigeria. Int. J. Environ. Prot. Policy 2017, 5(6-1), 17-22. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepp.s.2017050601.13

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AMA Style

Gwana Adamu Mohammed, Buhari Bagudu Yawuri, Effiong Edet Bassey, Adam Ahmed, Mohammed Lawan Shettima, et al. Determinations of Some Selected Heavy Metals and Elements in Soil of the College’s Farm, College of Agriculture, Maiduguri, North – Eastern Nigeria. Int J Environ Prot Policy. 2017;5(6-1):17-22. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepp.s.2017050601.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijepp.s.2017050601.13,
  author = {Gwana Adamu Mohammed and Buhari Bagudu Yawuri and Effiong Edet Bassey and Adam Ahmed and Mohammed Lawan Shettima and Mohammed Lawan Marte and Hauwa Lawan Badawi},
  title = {Determinations of Some Selected Heavy Metals and Elements in Soil of the College’s Farm, College of Agriculture, Maiduguri, North – Eastern Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy},
  volume = {5},
  number = {6-1},
  pages = {17-22},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijepp.s.2017050601.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.s.2017050601.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijepp.s.2017050601.13},
  abstract = {This study focuses on the ecosystem – ecological, environmental Pedology determined of some selective heavy metals and elements in soil of the college’s farm, College of Agriculture, Maiduguri, Nigeria. Soils were sampled, and collected as described by the method of Ashiq et al, (2013) and analysed by the methods described by AOAC (1990). Results obtained revealed that, the soil sampled found to contained heavy metals and element in moderate amount of mean concentration values in milligrams per gram (mg / g), the element and metals determined were; potassium (K) element had the highest level with the mean concentration of 15 mg / g, and then followed by cadmium (Cd) 9 mg / g, copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) had 1 mg / g each, lead (Pb) had the value of 0.4 mg / g in mean concentration level, while manganese (Mn) had 0.3 mg / g, and finally zinc (Zn) had the mean concentration level of 0.1 mg / g of soil. The magnitude of concentration levels of the heavy metals and elements determined in the soils of the college’s irrigation farm in sequential ascending order was; K > Cd > Cu, Fe and Ni > Pb > Mn > Zn. Also in consideration of their concentration levels in terms of mean percentage (%) amongst the metals and elements determined; K had 54%, Cd had 32%, Fe and Ni had 5% each, Cu had 2%, Mn and Pb had I% each, and finally Zn had 0.5%, i.e. the highest in mean concentration levels was potassium (K), the least was zinc and it is not contaminated by the metals and the elements determined as well respectively. Human activities have dramatically changed the 10 metres position and organization of the soil. The industrial and mining activates in an increased concentration of heavy metals in soil. How plants and soil microorganisms cope with this situation. It is recommended that further study needs to be carried out in order to ascertain, assess and state the heavy metals and elements mean concentration levels in soil of the said study area, and all farms at large.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Determinations of Some Selected Heavy Metals and Elements in Soil of the College’s Farm, College of Agriculture, Maiduguri, North – Eastern Nigeria
AU  - Gwana Adamu Mohammed
AU  - Buhari Bagudu Yawuri
AU  - Effiong Edet Bassey
AU  - Adam Ahmed
AU  - Mohammed Lawan Shettima
AU  - Mohammed Lawan Marte
AU  - Hauwa Lawan Badawi
Y1  - 2017/08/21
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.s.2017050601.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijepp.s.2017050601.13
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
SP  - 17
EP  - 22
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7536
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.s.2017050601.13
AB  - This study focuses on the ecosystem – ecological, environmental Pedology determined of some selective heavy metals and elements in soil of the college’s farm, College of Agriculture, Maiduguri, Nigeria. Soils were sampled, and collected as described by the method of Ashiq et al, (2013) and analysed by the methods described by AOAC (1990). Results obtained revealed that, the soil sampled found to contained heavy metals and element in moderate amount of mean concentration values in milligrams per gram (mg / g), the element and metals determined were; potassium (K) element had the highest level with the mean concentration of 15 mg / g, and then followed by cadmium (Cd) 9 mg / g, copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) had 1 mg / g each, lead (Pb) had the value of 0.4 mg / g in mean concentration level, while manganese (Mn) had 0.3 mg / g, and finally zinc (Zn) had the mean concentration level of 0.1 mg / g of soil. The magnitude of concentration levels of the heavy metals and elements determined in the soils of the college’s irrigation farm in sequential ascending order was; K > Cd > Cu, Fe and Ni > Pb > Mn > Zn. Also in consideration of their concentration levels in terms of mean percentage (%) amongst the metals and elements determined; K had 54%, Cd had 32%, Fe and Ni had 5% each, Cu had 2%, Mn and Pb had I% each, and finally Zn had 0.5%, i.e. the highest in mean concentration levels was potassium (K), the least was zinc and it is not contaminated by the metals and the elements determined as well respectively. Human activities have dramatically changed the 10 metres position and organization of the soil. The industrial and mining activates in an increased concentration of heavy metals in soil. How plants and soil microorganisms cope with this situation. It is recommended that further study needs to be carried out in order to ascertain, assess and state the heavy metals and elements mean concentration levels in soil of the said study area, and all farms at large.
VL  - 5
IS  - 6-1
ER  -

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Author Information

Gwana Adamu Mohammed

Laboratory Unit, Department of Animal Health and Production Technology, Mohamet Lawan College of Agriculture, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Buhari Bagudu Yawuri

Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewery, Nnamdi Azikwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Effiong Edet Bassey

Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria
Adam Ahmed

Laboratory Unit, Department of Animal Health and Production Technology, Mohamet Lawan College of Agriculture, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Mohammed Lawan Shettima

Department of Forestry, Mohamet Lawan College of Agriculture, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Mohammed Lawan Marte

Department of Geography, Kashim Ibrahim College of Education, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Hauwa Lawan Badawi

Heritage Unit, Department of Heritage and Monument Sites, National Commission for Museums and Monuments, Maiduguri, Nigeria

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APA Style

Gwana Adamu Mohammed, Buhari Bagudu Yawuri, Effiong Edet Bassey, Adam Ahmed, Mohammed Lawan Shettima, et al. (2017). Determinations of Some Selected Heavy Metals and Elements in Soil of the College’s Farm, College of Agriculture, Maiduguri, North – Eastern Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy, 5(6-1), 17-22. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.s.2017050601.13

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ACS Style

Gwana Adamu Mohammed; Buhari Bagudu Yawuri; Effiong Edet Bassey; Adam Ahmed; Mohammed Lawan Shettima, et al. Determinations of Some Selected Heavy Metals and Elements in Soil of the College’s Farm, College of Agriculture, Maiduguri, North – Eastern Nigeria. Int. J. Environ. Prot. Policy 2017, 5(6-1), 17-22. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepp.s.2017050601.13

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AMA Style

Gwana Adamu Mohammed, Buhari Bagudu Yawuri, Effiong Edet Bassey, Adam Ahmed, Mohammed Lawan Shettima, et al. Determinations of Some Selected Heavy Metals and Elements in Soil of the College’s Farm, College of Agriculture, Maiduguri, North – Eastern Nigeria. Int J Environ Prot Policy. 2017;5(6-1):17-22. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepp.s.2017050601.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijepp.s.2017050601.13,
  author = {Gwana Adamu Mohammed and Buhari Bagudu Yawuri and Effiong Edet Bassey and Adam Ahmed and Mohammed Lawan Shettima and Mohammed Lawan Marte and Hauwa Lawan Badawi},
  title = {Determinations of Some Selected Heavy Metals and Elements in Soil of the College’s Farm, College of Agriculture, Maiduguri, North – Eastern Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy},
  volume = {5},
  number = {6-1},
  pages = {17-22},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijepp.s.2017050601.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.s.2017050601.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijepp.s.2017050601.13},
  abstract = {This study focuses on the ecosystem – ecological, environmental Pedology determined of some selective heavy metals and elements in soil of the college’s farm, College of Agriculture, Maiduguri, Nigeria. Soils were sampled, and collected as described by the method of Ashiq et al, (2013) and analysed by the methods described by AOAC (1990). Results obtained revealed that, the soil sampled found to contained heavy metals and element in moderate amount of mean concentration values in milligrams per gram (mg / g), the element and metals determined were; potassium (K) element had the highest level with the mean concentration of 15 mg / g, and then followed by cadmium (Cd) 9 mg / g, copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) had 1 mg / g each, lead (Pb) had the value of 0.4 mg / g in mean concentration level, while manganese (Mn) had 0.3 mg / g, and finally zinc (Zn) had the mean concentration level of 0.1 mg / g of soil. The magnitude of concentration levels of the heavy metals and elements determined in the soils of the college’s irrigation farm in sequential ascending order was; K > Cd > Cu, Fe and Ni > Pb > Mn > Zn. Also in consideration of their concentration levels in terms of mean percentage (%) amongst the metals and elements determined; K had 54%, Cd had 32%, Fe and Ni had 5% each, Cu had 2%, Mn and Pb had I% each, and finally Zn had 0.5%, i.e. the highest in mean concentration levels was potassium (K), the least was zinc and it is not contaminated by the metals and the elements determined as well respectively. Human activities have dramatically changed the 10 metres position and organization of the soil. The industrial and mining activates in an increased concentration of heavy metals in soil. How plants and soil microorganisms cope with this situation. It is recommended that further study needs to be carried out in order to ascertain, assess and state the heavy metals and elements mean concentration levels in soil of the said study area, and all farms at large.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Determinations of Some Selected Heavy Metals and Elements in Soil of the College’s Farm, College of Agriculture, Maiduguri, North – Eastern Nigeria
AU  - Gwana Adamu Mohammed
AU  - Buhari Bagudu Yawuri
AU  - Effiong Edet Bassey
AU  - Adam Ahmed
AU  - Mohammed Lawan Shettima
AU  - Mohammed Lawan Marte
AU  - Hauwa Lawan Badawi
Y1  - 2017/08/21
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.s.2017050601.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijepp.s.2017050601.13
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
SP  - 17
EP  - 22
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7536
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.s.2017050601.13
AB  - This study focuses on the ecosystem – ecological, environmental Pedology determined of some selective heavy metals and elements in soil of the college’s farm, College of Agriculture, Maiduguri, Nigeria. Soils were sampled, and collected as described by the method of Ashiq et al, (2013) and analysed by the methods described by AOAC (1990). Results obtained revealed that, the soil sampled found to contained heavy metals and element in moderate amount of mean concentration values in milligrams per gram (mg / g), the element and metals determined were; potassium (K) element had the highest level with the mean concentration of 15 mg / g, and then followed by cadmium (Cd) 9 mg / g, copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) had 1 mg / g each, lead (Pb) had the value of 0.4 mg / g in mean concentration level, while manganese (Mn) had 0.3 mg / g, and finally zinc (Zn) had the mean concentration level of 0.1 mg / g of soil. The magnitude of concentration levels of the heavy metals and elements determined in the soils of the college’s irrigation farm in sequential ascending order was; K > Cd > Cu, Fe and Ni > Pb > Mn > Zn. Also in consideration of their concentration levels in terms of mean percentage (%) amongst the metals and elements determined; K had 54%, Cd had 32%, Fe and Ni had 5% each, Cu had 2%, Mn and Pb had I% each, and finally Zn had 0.5%, i.e. the highest in mean concentration levels was potassium (K), the least was zinc and it is not contaminated by the metals and the elements determined as well respectively. Human activities have dramatically changed the 10 metres position and organization of the soil. The industrial and mining activates in an increased concentration of heavy metals in soil. How plants and soil microorganisms cope with this situation. It is recommended that further study needs to be carried out in order to ascertain, assess and state the heavy metals and elements mean concentration levels in soil of the said study area, and all farms at large.
VL  - 5
IS  - 6-1
ER  -

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